Prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV positive and negative women in the city of Florianopolis / Prevalência da infecção pelo HPV e lesões intraepiteliais cervicais em mulheres HIV positivas e negativas na cidade de Florianópolis

Introduction: HPV infection is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection in women. The high oncogenic risk HPV, associated with others factors, there are a risk of progressing to a precancerous lesion of the cervix and even cancer. This evolution is related to the persistence of the infection and other factors, mainly those that interfere with the woman's immunity. The immunosuppression caused by HIV infection is an important factor for viral persistence and the appearance of these lesions. Objectives: To compare the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and negative women and describe the possible associated risk factors. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 HIV positive women (study group) and 50 HIV negative women (control group) recruited from the public health system of Florianópolis during the months of January to April 2022. Cervical samples were collected for cytological analysis and for detection of high-risk oncogenic HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, with a significance level set at 5% Results: HPV infection was more prevalent in the control group, however, HIV positive women had a higher frequency of intraepithelial lesions diagnosed on cytology. Factors such as greater number of sexual partners, depression and smoking were more frequent in the group of HIV positive women. The number of CD4 T cells less than 200 cels/mm3 was associated with a higher number of altered Pap smears and a positive HPV DNA test. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy and undetectable viral load were associated with a greater number of normal cytology and undetected HPV DNA. Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women is higher than in women without infection. The presence of HIV infection was the most important risk factor associated with the development of cervical lesions. (AU)

Introdução: O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é a infecção de transmissão sexual mais frequente na mulher. O HPV de alto risco oncogênico, associado a outros fatores, apresenta risco de evoluir para uma lesão pré-cancerosa do colo de útero e até mesmo para o câncer. Essa evolução está relacionada à persistência da infecção e outros fatores, principalmente os que interferem na imunidade da mulher. A imunossupressão causada pela infecção HIV é um fator importante para a persistência viral e o aparecimento destas lesões. Objetivos: Comparar a prevalência da infecção pelo HPV e das lesões intraepiteliais do colo de útero em mulheres HIV positivas e negativas, e descrever os possíveis fatores de risco associados. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 50 mulheres HIV positivas (grupo de estudo) e 50 mulheres HIV negativas (grupo controle) recrutadas no sistema público de saúde de Florianópolis durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2022. Foram coletadas amostras cervicais para análise citológica e para detecção do DNA HPV de alto risco oncogênico por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: A infecção pelo HPV foi mais prevalente no grupo controle, entretanto, as mulheres HIV positivas tiveram uma maior frequência de lesões intraepiteliais diagnosticadas na citologia. Os fatores como maior número de parceiros sexuais, depressão e tabagismo foram mais frequentes no grupo de mulheres HIV positivas. O número de células TCD4 inferior a 200 células/mm3 esteve associado a maior número de colpocitologias alteradas e teste DNA HPV positivo. O uso da terapia antirretroviral combinada e a carga viral indetectável estiveram associadas a um número elevado de citologias normais e DNA HPV não detectado. Conclusão: A prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais do colo do útero em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV foi maior que em mulheres soronegativas. A presença de infecção pelo HIV foi o fator de risco mais importante associado ao desenvolvimento de lesões cervicais.Palavras-chave: HPV. HIV. coinfecção. lesões intraepiteliais escamosas cervicais. prevalência.. (AU)

Description of referrals for colposcopy in a hospital in Brazil / Descrição dos encaminhamentos para colposcopia em um hospital no Brasil

Abstract Objective To describe the referral for colposcopy in a Hospital in Brazil and the relative frequency of patients who benefited from it, considering the correct indications for the examination and its final diagnoses. Methods A retrospective study was performed in the colposcopy service database of the Hospital Universitário de Taubaté, Taubaté, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The frequency validated in the analysis of the medical records of women referred for clinical indication or cytological alteration, attended from March 2015 to March 2017. The population selected and analyzed included 256 results that were correlated to the cytological, clinical data and the result of the colposcopy. Results Of the women referred, 45% presented out of the age of screening according to the guidelines of cervical cancer screening, 8.6% being adolescents and young adults < 25 years old, and 36.4% of the patients being ≥ 65 years old. A total of 50% of the patients had no indication of colposcopy, that is, normal cytologies, benign changes, ectopia, cervicitis, atypical squamous cells of indeterminate significance (ASC-US) and low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) without persistence and normal clinical appearance. A total of 39.84% who underwent colposcopy had high-grade lesion or cancer results, thus benefiting from the adequate referral. Conclusion Most (60.16%) of the patients referred to the colposcopy service did not benefit from the referral for results without changes, such as negative colposcopies, histologies with no cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) or only CIN 1, or were out of the age for screening. These findings therefore demonstrate a significant number of unnecessary and inadequate referrals.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os encaminhamentos para colposcopia em um hospital no Brasil e a frequência relativa dos pacientes que foram beneficiados, considerando as indicações corretas para o exame e seus diagnósticos finais. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo no banco de dados do serviço de colposcopia do Hospital Universitário de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil. A frequência validou em análise de prontuários de mulheres encaminhadas por indicação clínica ou alteração citológica, atendidas no período de março de 2015 a março de 2017. A população selecionada e analisada incluiu 256 resultados que estavam correlacionadas aos dados citológicos, clínicos e com o resultado da colposcopia. Resultados Das mulheres encaminhadas, 45% apresentaram-se fora da idade de rastreamento conforme as diretrizes de rastreio de câncer de colo uterino, sendo que 8,6% eram adolescentes e adultas jovens < 25 anos de idade e 36,4% das pacientes tinham idade ≥ 65 anos. Um total de 50% das pacientes não possuía indicação de colposcopia, ou seja, citologias normais, de alterações benignas, ectopia, cervicite, células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US) e lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau (LSIL) sem persistência e aspecto clínico normal. Um total de 39,84% das pacientes que realizaram a colposcopia tiveram resultados de lesão de alto grau ou câncer e, dessa forma, se beneficiaram com o encaminhamento adequado. Conclusão A maioria (60,16%) das pacientes encaminhadas para o serviço de colposcopia não se beneficiou com o encaminhamento, por resultados sem alterações como colposcopias negativas, histologias com ausência de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) ou apenas NIC 1, ou estavam fora da idade de rastreamento. Esses achados demonstram, portanto, significativo número de encaminhamentos desnecessários e inadequados.

Cumplimiento del flujo de decisiones clínicas de los algoritmos de derivación y confirmación diagnóstica del primer PAP atípico H1- Santiago Sur / Compliance with the flow of clinical decisions of the algorithms for referral and diagnostic confirmation of the first atypical PAP H1- Santiago Sur

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Un algoritmo puede definirse como un conjunto de operaciones y procedimientos que se deben seguir con el fin de resolver un problema. Objetivo: Conocer el cumplimiento del flujo de decisiones clínicas del protocolo preconizado en los algoritmos de derivación y de confirmación diagnóstica para la citología cervical atípica de significado indeterminado - H1, estipulados en el Programa Nacional de Búsqueda y Control del Cáncer Cervical de Chile. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico de tipo descriptivo, observacional, cuantitativo y de seguimiento de una cohorte de mujeres portadoras de un primer informe de citología cervical atípica de significado indeterminado - H1, pertenecientes a los consultorios de Atención Primaria de Salud del área Metropolitana Sur de Santiago, Chile. El seguimiento fue a través de la aplicación de los "Algoritmo de derivación a especialista o U.P.C. del primer PAP atípico según la clasificación Bethesda 2001" y "Algoritmos para confirmación diagnóstica". Resultados: Se seleccionaron 446 mujeres con un primer informe H1. El cumplimiento de conductas de acuerdo al algoritmo de derivación fue de 42.4% y las conductas alternativas fue de 5.8%. La adherencia de conducta en los algoritmos para confirmación diagnóstica fue cumplida en un 89.6%. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de las conductas ajustadas a algoritmo de derivación del primer Pap atípico fue realizado por la mitad de las mujeres y el cumplimiento del algoritmo de confirmación diagnóstica fue realizado por la gran mayoría.

SUMMARY Background: An algorithm can be defined as a set of operations and procedures that must be followed in order to solve a problem. Objective: Determine the compliance of the clinical decisions flow and procedures recommended by the ASCUS results derivation and diagnostic confirmation algorithms established in the National Program of Search and Control of Cervical Cancer of Chile. Methods: An epidemiological, descriptive, observational and quantitative study of a follow up investigation of a cohort of women with ASCUS cytological reports. These women belonging in the health care centers in the South Metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile. The algorithms "The Specialist Derivation Algorithm or UPC for the first atypical Pap according to the Bethesda 2001 classification" and "Diagnosis Confirmation Algorithm" were used for the follow-up process of these patients. Results: Women with a first ASCUS report were selected (n = 446). The compliance of the clinical decisions flow to derivation algorithm was 42.4% and alternative behaviors were 5.8%. In the diagnosis confirmation algorithm was 89.6% the compliance the recommended procedures. Conclusion: Half ASCUS carrier women followed the procedures recommended by the derivation algorithm. In the algorithms of diagnostic confirmation it is met mostly.

Human papillomavirus type distribution and HPV16 intratype diversity in southern Brazil in women with and without cervical lesions

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) intratype variants (specific lineages and sublineages) are associated with pathogenesis and progression from HPV infection to persistence and the development of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the prevalence of HPV infection and distribution of HPV types and HPV16 variants in southern Brazil in women with normal cytology or intraepithelial lesions. METHODS HPV typing was determined by L1 gene sequencing. To identify HPV16 variants, the LCR and E6 regions were sequenced, and characteristic single nucleotide variants were identified. FINDINGS A total of 445 samples were studied, with 355 from cervical scrapes and 90 from cervical biopsies. HPV was detected in 24% and 91% of these samples, respectively. The most prevalent HPV types observed were 16 (cervical, 24%; biopsies, 57%) and 58 (cervical, 12%; biopsies, 12%). Seventy-five percent of the HPV16-positive samples were classified into lineages, with 88% defined as lineage A, 10% as lineage D, and 2% as lineage B. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study identified a high frequency of European and North American HPV16 lineages, consistent with the genetic background of the human population in southern Brazil.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to evaluate quality of life in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / Tradução e adaptação cultural do Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) para avaliar qualidade de vida em mulheres com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical

ABSTRACT Objective To translate and perform the cultural adaptation of the tool Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) to the Portuguese language. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study, with translation and cultural adaptation of the assessment tool performed according to international guidelines and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) protocol group. It involved eight experts, six from Brazil, one from Portugal and one from the United States. After translation and back-translation of the tool, the semantic analysis process was carried out. We randomly included 20 women aged between 18 and 70 years with altered cervical cytology exam, seen at the Department of Prevention and Gynecologic Oncology - Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Results The sample consisted of women with low education level. In the first pre-test, ten women participated and half of them considered the questions CD1, CD2 and CD3 as difficult, because they did not understand the meaning of the term "pelvic area". The question CD5, "I worry about spreading the infection", was also considered difficult to understand by five women. After the reconsideration of the expert committee and FACIT group, the second pre-test was performed. At this stage, we concluded that the previously raised understanding problems had been solved. Conclusion The translated version of FACIT-CD in universal Portuguese language is equivalent to the original version in English and was easily understood by patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar o instrumento Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD), para a língua portuguesa. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, com metodologia de tradução e adaptação cultural de instrumento de avaliação, realizado por meio de diretrizes internacionais e seguindo o protocolo do grupo Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT). Envolveu oito especialistas, sendo seis nativos do Brasil, um de Portugal e um dos Estados Unidos. Ao término do processo de tradução e retrotradução, deu-se início ao processo de análise semântica. Foram incluídas aleatoriamente 20 mulheres entre 18 e 70 anos com exame de citologia cervical alterado, atendidas no Departamento de Prevenção e Ginecologia Oncológica do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Resultados A amostra foi composta por mulheres com baixa escolaridade. No primeiro pré-teste participaram dez mulheres, sendo que a metade considerou as questões CD1, CD2 e CD3 difíceis por não compreenderem o significado do termo "região pélvica". A questão CD5, "Estou preocupada em disseminar a infecção", também foi considerada de difícil entendimento por cinco mulheres. Após as reconsiderações do comitê de especialistas e do grupo FACIT, foi realizado o segundo pré-teste. Nesta fase, pode-se concluir que os problemas de entendimento anteriores foram resolvidos. Conclusão A versão traduzida do FACIT-CD é equivalente à versão original em inglês e em língua portuguesa universal, sendo facilmente compreendida pelas pacientes com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical.

Perfil epidemiológico de mulheres com câncer de colo do útero atendidas em um hospital do interior paulista / Epidemiological profile of women with cervical cancer treated at a hospital in the interior of São Paulo State

O câncer de colo do útero (CCU) é considerado problema de saúde pública no Brasil, por exercer papel importante na morbimortalidade das mulheres. Os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do CCU estão relacionados às condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e aos hábitos de vida, que incluem: início precoce da atividade sexual, pluralidade de parceiros sexuais, tabagismo, hábitos inadequados de higiene, uso prolongado de contraceptivos orais e a não-realização de exame preventivo de citologia oncótica. A infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano (HPV) leva a alterações que podem, com o passar do tempo, evoluir para o CCU. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres com CCU atendidas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2013. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal e baseado em dados do Registro Hospitalar de Câncer (RHC). O RHC é um banco de dados que fornece informações às organizações nacionais, caracterizando os diversos tipos de câncer, auxiliando na formulação da Política Nacional de Atenção Oncológica. Foram analisados os dados de 906 mulheres entre 18 e 95 anos e a faixa etária predominante foi de 31 a 60 anos (58,9%); 10,81% eram analfabetas e 68,6% possuíam ensino fundamental. O tipo celular mais incidente (40,8%) foi o carcinoma escamocelular e o estádio clínico 0 foi o mais observado (39,6%). Quanto à procedência, observou-se que 86,1% das mulheres eram da Divisão Regional de Saúde-XIII, à qual pertence a cidade de Ribeirão Preto (40,55%). O cruzamento entre escolaridade e estadiamento clínico apontou que, no estádio 0, dos 39,62% dos casos, 34,76% possuíam ensino fundamental ou médio, o que demonstrou influência da escolaridade na detecção do CCU em estádio inicial. Os casos diagnosticados em estádios avançados (III e IV) foram responsáveis pelo maior número de óbitos, sendo que, das 145 mulheres em estádio III, 87 foram a óbito e, das 80 mulheres diagnosticadas em estádio IV, 67 faleceram, enquanto, das 359 mulheres em estádio 0, apenas 14 foram a óbito. No presente estudo, a sobrevida em cinco anos para as mulheres acometidas pelo CCU foi de 56,5%. Os resultados alcançados corroboram com os encontrados nas produções científicas atuais, demonstrando a importância do rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce, a fim de diminuir a mortalidade causada pelo CCU em estádios avançados. Também apontam a necessidade de ações de educação em saúde como um meio para a prevenção do CCU. Ações educativas e preventivas devem ser desenvolvidas de forma contínua na vida das mulheres e o enfermeiro, como membro da equipe de saúde, tem papel fundamental, informando as mulheres quanto às medidas de prevenção da doença e a importância do rastreamento, desmistificando culturas enraizadas e também conscientizando essas mulheres sobre o seu papel de sujeitos responsáveis por sua saúde

Cervical cancer (UCC) is considered a public health problem in Brazil, since it plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of women. The main risk factors for UCC development are related to socioeconomic, environmental and lifestyle conditions, which include: early sexual initiation, plurality of sexual partners, smoking, inadequate hygiene habits, prolonged use of oral contraceptives and The non-accomplishment of preventive examination of oncotic cytology. Infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) leads to changes that may, over time, progress to UCC. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of women with UCC treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), from January 2000 to December 2013. This is a retrospective longitudinal study based on data from the Hospital Registry of Cancer (RHC). The RHC is a database that provides information to national organizations, characterizing the different types of cancer, helping in the formulation of the National Cancer Care Policy. Data from 906 women between 18 and 95 years of age were analyzed, and the predominant age group was 31 to 60 years (58.9%); 10.81% were illiterate and 68.6% had primary education. The most incident cell type (40.8%) was squamous cell carcinoma and clinical stage 0 was the most observed (39.6%). Regarding the origin, it was observed that 86.1% of the women were from the Regional Health Division- XIII, to which the city of Ribeirão Preto belongs (40.55%). The intersection between schooling and clinical staging showed that, in stage 0, of the 39.62% of the cases, 34.76% had primary or secondary education, which demonstrated the influence of schooling in the detection of UCC in the initial stage. The cases diagnosed in advanced stages (III and IV) were responsible for the highest number of deaths, and, of the 145 women in stage III, 87 died, and, of the 80 women diagnosed in stage IV, 67 died, while, of 359 women in stage 0, only 14 died. In the present study, the five-year survival rate for women with UCC was 56.5%. The results obtained corroborate with those found in current scientific production, demonstrating the importance of screening and early diagnosis, in order to reduce the mortality caused by UCC in advanced stages. They also point out the need of health education actions as a means to prevent UCC. Educational and preventive actions should be continuously developed in the lives of women and the nurse, as a member of the health team, plays a fundamental role, informing women about the disease prevention measures and the importance of screening, demystifying rooted cultures and also making these women aware of their role as responsible subjects for their health

Clinical management of the first ASCUS report in Chile. Prospective single-cohort study / Manejo clínico do primeiro relatório ASCUS no Chile. Estudo prospectivo de coorte única

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Worldwide, there is no single strategy for optimal management of patients with ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) cytology reports. The objective of this study was to determine the kind of clinical management conducted among women with a first ASCUS Pap smear report. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective single cohort study at a cervical pathology unit in Santiago, Chile. METHODS: This was an epidemiological, descriptive, observational and quantitative follow-up study on a cohort of women with ASCUS cytological reports. RESULTS: In the screening phase, 92,001 cervical cytological smears were collected in primary healthcare clinics. In the diagnostic phase, all women with a first ASCUS report were selected (n = 446). These women were asked to undergo the Pap test again and it was found that 301 women had normal results, 62 women had abnormal results and 83 did not repeat the test. In the diagnostic confirmation phase, the 62 women with abnormal results underwent colposcopy and, from these results, 58 of them underwent a biopsy. The results from the biopsies showed that 16 women had negative histological reports, 13 had CIN 1 and 29 had CIN 2+. In the treatment phase, the 42 women with lesions underwent a variety of treatments, according to the type of lesion. In the post-treatment phase, cytological and colposcopic monitoring was instituted. CONCLUSION: The clinical management consisted of traditional management of screening, diagnosis, diagnostic confirmation, treatment and post-treatment monitoring.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Mundialmente, não existe estratégia única para o gerenciamento ideal de pacientes com laudos de citologia ASCUS ( atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ). O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o tipo de gerenciamento clínico realizado em mulheres com o primeiro laudo de Papanicolaou ASCUS. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo de coorte única em uma unidade de patologia cervical em Santiago, Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, observacional e quantitativo de seguimento de um grupo de mulheres com laudos de citologia ASCUS. RESULTADOS: Na fase de rastreamento, 92.001 relatórios de citologia cervical foram coletados nos ambulatórios da rede pública de saúde. Na fase de diagnóstico, foi selecionada a totalidade de mulheres com relatórios citológicos de ASCUS (n = 446). Essas mulheres foram submetidas a repetição do exame de Papanicolaou, obtendo-se 301 mulheres com resultados normais, 62 mulheres com resultados anormais e 83 que não repetiram o exame. Na fase de confirmação de diagnóstico, as 62 mulheres com resultados anormais foram submetidas a colposcopia e, considerando-se os resultados obtidos, 58 foram submetidas a biópsia. Os resultados das biópsias mostraram 16 mulheres com laudos histológicos negativos, 13 com NIC 1 e 29 com NIC 2 +. Na fase terapêutica, as 42 mulheres com lesões foram submetidas a diversos tratamentos de acordo com o tipo de lesão. Para a fase pós-tratamento, foi instituído um sistema de monitoramento citocolposcópico. CONCLUSÃO: As condutas clínicas tiveram gestão tradicional de rastreamento, diagnóstico, confirmação diagnóstica, tratamento e acompanhamento pós-tratamento.

Clinical and evolving features of women diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesions, screened and treated in the Amazon region of Brazil / Características clínicas e evolutivas de mulheres com diagnóstico de lesões precursoras de câncer cervical, rastreadas e tratadas na região amazônica brasileira / Las características clínicas y los resultados de mujeres con un diagnóstico de lesiones precursoras de lesión cervical, seguimiento y tratamiento en la Amazonia brasileña

The objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of precancerous lesions in women of a cohort treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and followed up over the next two years. The conditional probability of failure was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the raw and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were determined using Cox regression with a p-value entry of < 0.05. Of the 237 women who were treated, 51.5% were accompanied over 24 months, and treatment failed for 21.9% of those accompanied. Women who had five or more pregnancies (adjusted HR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.28-7.51) or an initial histological diagnosis of CIN II/III demonstrated an independent risk of treatment failure (adjusted HR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.20-8.19). Being in a stable relationship was a protective factor against treatment failure (adjusted HR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.24-0.89). A history of more frequent pregnancies and a histological diagnosis of CIN II/III are directly correlated with risk of CIN treatment failure, whereas being in a stable relationship is inversely correlated with this risk.

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a dinâmica da lesão intraepitelial cervical (NIC) em mulheres tratadas que foram acompanhadas em uma coorte durante dois anos. Foi calculada a probabilidade condicional de falha usando o método de Kaplan-Meier e foram calculadas as hazard ratios (HR) bruta e ajustada para o risco de falha usando a regressão de Cox com valor de p de entrada < 0,05. Das 237 mulheres que foram tratadas, 51,5% foram acompanhadas por 24 meses e 21,9% delas tiveram falha no tratamento, apresentando recidiva da lesão cervical. Mulheres que tinham mais que cinco gestações (HR = 3,10; IC95%: 1,28-7,51) ou histológico de NIC II/III demonstraram risco independente para falha no tratamento (HR = 3,14; IC95%: 1,20-8,19) e estar em um relacionamento estável mostrou ser um fator de proteção para falha de tratamento (HR = 0,47; IC95%: 0,24-0,89). A história de maior número de gestações e histológico de NIC II/III estão diretamente correlacionados com o risco de falha no tratamento, enquanto que estar em um relacionamento estável é inversamente correlacionado ao risco.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la dinámica de las lesiones intraepiteliales de cuello uterino (NIC) en mujeres que fueron tratadas dentro de una cohorte, cuyo seguimiento se realizó durante dos años. Se calculó la probabilidad condicional de error, utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier y se calcularon los cocientes de riesgo (HR) crudos y ajustados por el riesgo de fracaso mediante la regresión de Cox con el aporte valor p < 0,05. De 237 mujeres que recibieron tratamiento, el 51,5% fueron seguidas durante 24 meses y en el 21,9% fracasó el tratamiento, mostrando la repetición del daño cervical. Las mujeres que tenían más de cinco embarazos (HR = 3,10; IC95%: 1,28-7,51) o NIC histológico II/III mostraron un factor de riesgo independiente para el fracaso del tratamiento (HR = 3,14; IC95%: 1,20-8,19) y estar en una relación estable resultó ser un factor protector para el fracaso del tratamiento (HR: 0,47; IC95%: 0,24-0,89). La historia de embarazos múltiples y con diagnóstico histológico NIC II/III se correlaciona directamente con el riesgo de fracaso del tratamiento, mientras que si está en una relación estable se correlaciona inversamente con la relación riesgo.

Follow-up of women with atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) / Acompanhamento de mulheres com celulas escamosas atipicas nao pode excluir lesao intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The concept that the presence of atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) was introduced in the 2001 Bethesda System of cervical cytology classification. This nomenclature defines cervical cancer precursor lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate the colpocytological-histological results from a three-year follow-up conducted on a cohort of women with reports of ASC-H who were attended during 2005-2006 at clinics of the Southern Metropolitan Healthcare Service of Santiago, Chile. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study at primary healthcare clinics in Santiago, Chile. METHODS : Colpocytological-histological follow-up was conducted over a three-year period on 92 women with cytological reports of ASC-H who were attended at primary healthcare clinics during 2005-2006. RESULTS : At the end of the follow-up period, high-grade lesions were evaluated and the following outcomes were observed: seven women presented invasive cancer (7.6%), 49 presented high-grade lesions (53.3%), 26 presented low-grade lesions (28.2%) and 10 presented normal results (10.9%). The "Conditional Probabilities Tree Diagram" was used to show the results from tests and the times of lesion detection. It demonstrated that, after a first report of ASC-H, clinical management needed to be interventionist. CONCLUSION: The follow-up on our cohort of women showed that the majority of uncertain ASC-H diagnoses (82.6%) had abnormal colposcopic results and that during the follow-up using ASC-H smears, two out of every three women developed high-grade lesions. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O conceito de que à presença de células escamosas atípicas não se pode excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H) foi introduzido pelo Sistema de Bethesda 2001, na classificação de citologia cervical. Esta nomenclatura define lesões precursoras do câncer cervical. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os resultados colpo-cito-histológicos de três anos de acompanhamento realizado em uma coorte de mulheres com relatórios de ASC-H que receberam atendimento no período 2005-2006 em clínicas do Serviço Metropolitano de Saúde Sul de Santiago, Chile. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte prospectivo em unidades básicas de saúde de Santiago, Chile. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um acompanhamento colpo-cito-histológico por um período de três anos em 92 mulheres com laudos citológicos de ASC-H, que receberam atendimento nas unidades básicas de saúde de 2005-2006. RESULTADOS: No final do período de acompanhamento, as lesões de alto grau foram avaliadas e os resultados foram observados: sete mulheres apresentaram câncer invasivo (7,6%), 49 apresentaram lesões de alto grau (53,3%), 26 apresentaram lesões de baixo grau (28,2%) e 10 apresentaram resultados normais (10,9%). O "Diagrama de Árvore Condicional de Probabilidades" foi utilizado para mostrar os resultados dos testes e o período de detecção das lesões, demonstrando que, depois de um primeiro relatório de ASC-H, o manejo clínico deve ser intervencionista. CONCLUSÃO: O acompanhamento de nossa coorte de mulheres mostra que a maioria dos diagnósticos incertos de ASC-H (82,6%) tiveram resultado colposcópico anormal e, durante o acompanhamento de esses esfregaços ASC-H, duas de cada três mulheres desenvolvem lesões de alto grau. .

¿Cómo afecta el tipo de seguro de salud a la realización del Papanicolaou en Perú? / How does type of health insurance affect receipt of Pap testing in Peru?

OBJETIVO: Describir la asociación entre la realización de la citología del cuello uterino y el tipo de seguro de salud en las mujeres peruanas, y determinar el papel de las variables sociodemográficas y de salud sexual en esta relación. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal que utiliza la información de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), Perú, 2005-2008, correspondiente a una selección de 12 272 mujeres de 30 a 49 años de edad. La variable dependiente fue la realización de alguna prueba de Papanicolaou (PAP) en los últimos 5 años. Las variables independientes principales fueron el tipo de seguro de salud, el nivel educativo, el nivel socioeconómico del hogar, la etnia y el área de residencia. La asociación multivariada fue estimada a través de la razón de prevalencias, utilizando la regresión Poisson con varianza robusta. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que 62,7% de las mujeres sexualmente activas se habían realizado algún PAP en los últimos 5 años. Este porcentaje de participación variaba según el tipo de seguro de salud, donde las mujeres con seguro público tenían 1,27 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 1,24-1,31) y las que tenían seguro privado 1,52 (IC95%:1,46-1,58) veces mayor probabilidad de haberse realizado un PAP que aquellas sin seguro. Esta asociación era explicada predominantemente por las variables de posición socioeconómica. Asimismo las mujeres que tenían la participación más baja eran las analfabetas o con educación primaria, de nivel socioeconómico bajo, con antecedente de lengua indígena y que vivían en la zonas rurales-siendo esta brecha aún mayor cuando además carecían de seguro de salud, llegando a ser hasta la tercera parte en relación con los grupos sociales más favorecidos. CONCLUSIONES: Se hallaron desigualdades según el tipo de seguro de salud en la realización del PAP, siendo las mujeres sin seguro las que menos lo utilizaron, lo cual supone una barrera para el acceso al cribado de cáncer de cérvix en Perú.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the association between receipt of cervical cytology and type of health insurance in Peruvian women, and determine the role of sociodemographic and sexual health variables in this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using information on a sample of 12 272 women aged 30 to 49 years from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES), Peru, 2005-2008. The dependent variable was receipt of at least one Pap smear in the last five years. The primary independent variables were type of health insurance, educational level, household socioeconomic level, ethnicity, and place of residence. Prevalence ratio, obtained from Poisson regression with robust variance, was used to measure multivariate association. RESULTS: Among sexually active women, 62.7% had received at least one Pap test in the last five years. Percentage of women tested varied by type of health insurance. Women with public or private insurance had a greater probability of having received a Pap smear-1.27 (95% CI, 1.24-1.31) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.46-1.58) times greater, respectively-than uninsured women. This association was primarily explained by socioeconomic status variables. In addition, women who participated the least in screening were characterized by illiteracy or only a primary education, low socioeconomic level, speaking an indigenous language, and living in a rural area. When they also lacked health insurance, the gap widened, rising to as much as one third compared to more advantaged social groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inequalities were found in receipt of Pap testing according to type of health insurance; women without insurance were least likely to be screened, implying existence of a barrier to cervical cancer screening in Peru.

Determinantes sociales del abandono del diagnóstico y el tratamiento de mujeres con Papanicolaou anormal en Buenos Aires, Argentina / Social determinants of dropout from diagnosis and treatment by women with abnormal Pap smears in Buenos Aires, Argentina

OBJETIVO:Determinar la magnitud y los motivos del abandono del proceso de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las mujeres con citología anormal, así como la relación entre las características socioeconómicas de las mujeres y dicho abandono. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal-retrospectivo. Se realizó un análisis de fuentes secundarias y entrevistas domiciliarias a mujeres con Papanicolaou (Pap) anormal atendidas en el sistema público municipal entre 2009 y 2011. RESULTADOS: El abandono confirmado en la población de estudio fue de 18,3%. Las mujeres con mayor probabilidad de abandono fueron las que vivían en hogares con presencia de niños menores de 5 años de edad (razón de probabilidades [RP]: 2,4; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 1,2-4,8) y las que vivían en hogares con hacinamiento (RP: 2,9; IC95%: 1,2-7,3). Las mujeres que realizaron el Pap inicial en un centro de atención primaria poseían 4,6 veces más probabilidad de abandono que las atendidas en el hospital (IC95%: 1,7-12,3). Los principales motivos de abandono reportados fueron problemas con la organización de los servicios de salud y la carga de trabajo doméstico. CONCLUSIONES: Las condiciones de vida de las mujeres, y la organización y calidad de los servicios de salud, inciden en el abandono del proceso de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones precancerosas. Es fundamental desarrollar estrategias que actúen sobre los determinantes sociales del abandono como un modo de asegurar la efectividad de los programas de tamizaje del cáncer cervicouterino.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the extent and reasons why women with abnormal Pap smears drop out from diagnosis and treatment, and the relationship between women's socioeconomic characteristics and dropping out. METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective study. Analysis of secondary sources and household interviews with women with abnormal Pap smears seen in the public municipal system from 2009 to 2011. RESULTS: Confirmed dropout in the study population was 18.3%. Women with the greatest probability of dropping out lived in homes where there were children under five (probability ratio [PR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-4.8) and where there was overcrowding (PR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.2-7.3). Women whose initial Pap smear was done in a primary care center had a 4.6 times greater probability of dropping out than those seen in a hospital (95%CI: 1.7-12.3). The main reasons reported for dropping out were problems with health services organization and domestic workload. CONCLUSIONS: Women's living conditions and the organization and quality of health services affect dropout from diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions. Strategies need to be developed that address social determinants of dropping out as a way to ensure effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs.

Prevalence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV-infected women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 494 HIV-infected women in Brazil, between 1998 and 2008. Gynecologic exam was performed, and samples were collected for cervical cytology and for HPV DNA detection. Cervical biopsy was carried out when indicated. HPV infection, CD4 T-lymphocyte count and HIV viral load were compared with cervical histopathology. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the statistical association of several risk factors. RESULTS: CIN prevalence detected by histopathology was 23.4% (6% of CIN2/3 and 17.4% cases of CIN1). Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent association of CIN with CD4 T-lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm³ (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.5-10.1), with a positive detection of HPV DNA (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.5), and with age < 34 years old (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.4). HIV viral load and antiretroviral use were not independent risk factors for CIN. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of immunosupression, presence of HPV infection and younger age are strong predictors of CIN among HIV-infected women.

Prevalencia de citología anormal e inflamación y su asociación con factores de riesgo para neoplasias del cuello uterino en el Cauca, Colombia / The prevalence of abnormal cytology and inflammation and their association with risk factors for uterine cervical neoplasms in Cauca, Colombia

Objetivos Establecer la prevalencia del resultado de citología anormal e inflamación y su asociación con factores de riesgo para neoplasias del cuello uterino en mujeres del departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Metodología Después de la Arma voluntaria del consentimiento informado, las mujeres fueron entrevistadas a través de un cuestionario para colectar variables de tipo sociodemográfico y clínico, incluyendo historia reproductiva, actividad sexual, historia de citología y hábito de fumar. Posteriormente, se procedió a la toma de la citología para su análisis y clasificación según el sistema Bethesda 2001. Un total de 1735 mujeres fueron reclutadas para este estudio. Resultados Acorde con el resultado de citología, 1061 mujeres presentaron citología normal (61 %), 36 citología anormal (2 %) y 638 cambios celulares reactivos asociados a inflamación (37 %). Los resultados indican que tener relaciones sexuales a temprana edad, la multiparidad, el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y no realizarse la citología anualmente fueron factores de riesgo asociados a citología anormal. Conclusiones Estos resultados brindan información valiosa a las instituciones de salud pública para desarrollar mejores programas de cribado para la prevención de neoplasias del cuello uterino en mujeres de la región y el país.

Objectives Establishing the prevalence of abnormal and inflammation cytology reports and its association with risks factors for uterine cervical neoplasms amongst females from the Cauca department in Colombia. Methodology After signing a consent-form, females were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical data, including reproductive history, sexual activity, cytology history and smoking habits. Cytology was then taken for analysis and classification according to the 2001 Bethesda System. A total of 1,735 females were recruited for the study. Results According to the cytology report, 1061 women had normal cytology (61 %), 36 abnormal cytology (2 %) and 638 reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation (37 %). The results indicated that having sexual intercourse at an early age, multiparity, using hormonal contraceptives and not having annual cytology screening were associated with abnormal cytology reports. Conclusions These results provided valuable information for public health institutions for developing better screening programmes to prevent risks of uterine cervical neoplasms amongst females from our region and throughout Colombia.

Prevalence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil / Prevalência e fatores de risco para neoplasia intraepitelial cervical em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is frequently associated with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Immunosuppression and high HIV viral load are the main risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CIN in HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and to describe the risk factors in comparison with non-infected women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the AIDS Reference Center of Bahia and the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic of Fundação Bahiana para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: Sixty-four HIV-infected women and 76 uninfected women from Salvador were enrolled between May 2006 and May 2007. Associations between CIN and presence of HIV infection, HIV viral load, proportion of T CD4+ lymphocytes and risk factors were evaluated. The independence of the risk factors was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: CIN was more prevalent among HIV-infected women than in the control group (26.6 percent versus 6.6 percent; P = 0.01). The odds ratio for CIN among HIV-infected women was 3.7 (95 percent confidence interval, CI: 1.23-11; P = 0.01), after adjusting for the following variables: age at first sexual intercourse, number of partners, number of deliveries and previous history of sexually transmitted disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CIN among HIV-infected women was significantly higher than among women without HIV infection. HIV infection was the most important risk factor associated with the development of cervical lesions.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) está frequentemente associado à neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau. Imunossupressão e carga viral do HIV elevada são os principais fatores de risco para neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de NIC em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil e descrever os fatores de risco, comparando-as com mulheres não infectadas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Centro de Referência de Aids da Bahia e Ambulatório de Ginecologia da Fundação Bahiana para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas no estudo 64 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e 76 não infectadas provenientes de Salvador, no período de maio de 2006 a maio de 2007. Foi avaliada a associação entre NIC e presença da infecção pelo HIV, carga viral do HIV, proporção de linfócitos T CD4+ e fatores de risco. A independência dos fatores de risco foi verificada pela regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de NIC foi maior nas mulheres infectadas pelo HIV que no grupo controle (26,6 por cento versus 6,6 por cento; P = 0,01). A razão de chances para NIC em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV foi 3,7 (95 por cento intervalo de confiança, IC: 1,23-11; P = 0,01) após ajuste das variáveis: idade da primeira relação sexual, número de parceiros, número de partos e história prévia de doença sexualmente transmissível. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de NIC foi significativamente maior em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV que naquelas não infectadas. A infecção pelo HIV foi o fator de risco mais importante associado com o desenvolvimento de lesões cervicais.

Seguimiento de mujeres con anormalidad citológica de cuello uterino, en Colombia / Following-up females having an abnormal Pap smear in Colombia

Objetivo Evaluar el acceso y la oportunidad al diagnóstico y al tratamiento que tienen las pacientes con lesiones cervicales de alto grado o cáncer de acuerdo con el reporte citológico, en Colombia entre junio 2005 a junio del 2006. Metodología Estudio retrospectivo mediante encuestas a una muestra de mujeres con anormalidad citológica residentes de cuatro departamentos de Colombia seleccionados por conveniencia en relación con diferentes tasas de mortalidad. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y se compararon las diferencias entre los departamentos. Resultados El 27 por ciento de las mujeres con lesiones de alto grado o invasoras no tuvieron acceso a alguno de los servicios diagnósticos o terapéuticos por razones de tipo administrativo de los servicios de salud, razones clínicas y culturales de las mujeres. Discusión Un elemento crítico que explica el bajo impacto en la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en la mayoría de los países de Latino América es la disociación entre actividades de tamización y las de tratamiento.

Objective Evaluating the opportunity and access to diagnosis and treatment for females having had an abnormal Pap smear (high-grade epithelial lesion and cervical cancer) in Colombia from June 2005 to June 2006. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective appraisal using a semi-closed survey of females having had an abnormal Pap smear with high squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer living in four Colombian departments. These areas were conveniently selected according to their different mortality rates. A descriptive analysis was made and the departments differences compared. Results It was found that 27 percent of females having high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or cervical cancer had no access to any of the diagnostic or therapeutic services. Health service administration problems and clinical and cultural ones affecting the females in the study could explain such results. Discussion Follow-up care after abnormal cytology was very poor and could explain the lack of cervical cancer screening impact in Colombia and in most Latin-American countries.

Local lymphocytes and nitric oxide synthase in the uterine cervical stroma of patients with grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

OBJECTIVES: Precancerous and cancerous cells can trigger an immune response that may limit tumor development and can be used as a prognostic marker. The aims of the present study were to quantify the presence of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cervical stroma of women with grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III) or in the intratumoral and peritumoral tissue of women with stage I invasive carcinoma. METHODS: Cervical tissue specimens were obtained from 60 women (20 each from control tissues, CIN III and invasive carcinomas). The average ages in the control, CIN III and invasive groups were 43.9 (± 4.3), 35.5 (± 9.5), and 50 (± 11.2) years, respectively. The specimens were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to identify T lymphocytes (CD3), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8), B lymphocytes (CD20), macrophages (CD68) and iNOS. We evaluated the markers in the stroma above the squamocolumnar junction (control), at the intraepithelial lesion (CIN cases), and in the nfiltrating tumor. Two independent observers performed the immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages and iNOS were present more frequently (P<0.05) in the stroma of peritumoral invasive tumors compared to the controls and intratumoral invasive cancer samples. CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes were present more frequently in CIN III patients compared to samples from patients with intratumoral invasive cancer (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High numbers of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and iNOS-expressing cells in the peritumoral stroma of the invasive tumors were observed. Cell migration appeared to be proportional to the progression of the lesion.

Prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer among patients with unsatisfactory colposcopic examination, without visible lesion / Prevalência de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa de alto grau e câncer cervical em pacientes sem lesão visível à colposcopia insatisfatória

Context and objetive: Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil. For patients with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations without visible lesions, but with cervical cytological tests suggesting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the national recommendation is to repeat cervical cytological tests after three months. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of HSIL and cancer among patients with initial cervical cytological tests suggestive of HSIL but with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations without visible lesions, in order to contribute towards the discussion regarding a more effective clinical approach that might diminish the likelihood of patient abandonment of follow-up before appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study in Colposcopy Clinic of IFF/Fiocruz. Method: Patients admitted between December 1989 and April 2007 with cytological diagnoses of HSIL but with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations without visible lesions underwent cervical cone biopsy. Results: Sixty-five such patients were included, comprising 33.8 percent with HSIL and 4.6 percent with cancer, confirmed histologically. The other patients presented low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (26.1 percent), glandular dysplasia (1.5 percent) and absence of disease (33.8 percent). Cpnclusion: The observed prevalence of cancer and HSIL does not seem to be enough to justify immediate referral for cone biopsies to investigate the cervical canal in these cases. The findings suggest that the recommendation of repeated cytological tests following an initial one with HSIL, among patients with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations without visible lesions, is appropriate in our setting. Efforts are needed to ensure adherence to follow-up protocols in order to reduce the chances of losses.

Introdução: O câncer de colo uterino é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Em pacientes com colpocitologias sugestivas de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL) e colposcopia insatisfatória sem lesão visível, a recomendação nacional é repetir a colpocitologia após três meses. Nosso objetivo foi medir a prevalência de HSIL e câncer em pacientes com a primeira colpocitologia sugestiva de HSIL e colposcopia insatisfatória sem lesão visível, no intuito de contribuir para a discussão sobre uma conduta clínica mais efetiva e que diminua a probabilidade de perdas de acompanhamento antes do diagnóstico e tratamento adequados. Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo transversal no Ambulatório de Colposcopia do IFF/Fiocruz. MÉTODO: Pacientes recebidas no período de dezembro de 1989 a abril de 2007 com diagnóstico citológico de HSIL sem lesão visível em colposcopias insatisfatórias foram submetidas a conização do colo uterino. Resultados: Foram incluídas 65 pacientes na situação descrita e encontrados 33,8 por cento de HSIL e 4,6 por cento de câncer confirmados histologicamente. Os demais casos apresentaram lesão intra-epitelial escamosa de baixo grau (26,1 por cento), displasia glandular (1,5 por cento) e ausência de doença (33,8 por cento). Conclusão: A prevalência de HSIL ou câncer encontrada não parece suficiente para defender a conduta de encaminhar as pacientes de imediato para conização a fim de investigar o canal cervical. Os achados sugerem que a recomendação de repetir a citologia após uma primeira com HSIL sem lesão visível e colposcopia insatisfatória é apropriada no nosso cenário. Devem ser implementados esforços para adesão às recomendações de acompanhamento e reduzir a chance de perdas.